12/27/2023 0 Comments What does a flat character mean![]() The size and development of each area, which Gall called faculties, implied a greater or lesser disposition toward the trait. Gall conceived of the brain not as a single organ but as a mosaic of specialized parts that each governed a particular mental or emotional function. This anecdotal observation and his later anatomical work on the structure of the brain led Gall to formulate his new science of the mind. Theorizing about the connection, Gall suggested that the part of the brain located behind the eyes must be associated with verbal memory. Gall’s initial question came from something he’d observed in childhood: classmates who excelled at memorization also tended to have large protruding eyes. As a physician, he became a skilled anatomist who learned to dissect the brain to show the origins and pathways of cranial nerves. Gall grew fascinated by the physical structure of the body as a medical student. Physician Franz Joseph Gall first developed his theories on the anatomy and function of the brain in 18th-century Vienna, where Sigmund Freud would later foster another science of the mind, psychoanalysis, beginning in the late 19th century. Phrenologists believed that people could strengthen their positive brain organs. Why do we act the way we do? What determines the patterns of our behavior? How can we be better people? Every generation seeks answers to these questions, and in the mid-19th century, phrenology provided one incredibly popular and influential explanation. But for millions of Americans in the 19th century, phrenology provided comfort and insight, a way to know and understand behavior and personality with seemingly scientific precision. ![]() To anyone who has ever shaved his or her head and been horrified by the lumps and dents hidden beneath, the idea that those bumps said anything about a person’s character might be unsettling.
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